ABSTRACT
Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major health concern in developing countries like Bangladesh regarding morbidity as well as mortality. Usually, acute infections are caused by A, E, hepatitis viruses, and occasionally hepatitis B virus. Infection caused by the hepatitis C virus is usually asymptomatic. Prior knowledge of the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis may be helpful for treatment professionals in the management of such patients. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis patients in Bangladesh.Material & Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, US-Bangla Medical College & Hospital during the period from March 2018 to February 2019, in Bangladesh. A total of 59 suspected patients with acute viral hepatitis were included as the study subjects for this study. Ethical approval of the study had been taken from the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. A predesigned questionnaire was used in data collection. Collected data analyzed by using MS Office and SPSS version 23.0 programs as per need. A P-value, of <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Among 59 participants, the male-female ratio was 3.2:1 and the mean (±SD) age was 23.88±14.83 years. Analyzing hepatitis infection, we found hepatitis E was the highest in number 32(54.24%), followed by hepatitis E virus 20(33.9%), and hepatitis B virus 5(8.47%). In this study, we did not find any patients with hepatitis C virus, and 2 participants didn’t have any hepatotropic virus. The mean (±SD) Serum bilirubin (mg/dl) was 6.35±1.63, and the mean (±SD) serum alkaline phosphatase (IU/L), serum. creatinine (mg/dl), serum albumin (gm/dl) and plasma glucose random (mg/dl) were found 366.81±257.20, 6.97±14.96, 19.75±22.98 and 10.08±5.49 respectively. Considering dual viruses among the total of 5 patients along with hepatitis E & A viruses in this study, we found all were hepatitis B viruses. Among them, 3 with hepatitis E and the rest 2 were with hepatitis A virus consequently. Among them 3(60%) with hepatitis A and the rest 2(40%) with hepatitis E. In the issue of patients attended with clinical complaints, vomiting was the highest among hepatitis A patients 19(86.4%) followed by jaundice 8(36.4%) and fever8(36.4%). On the other hand, among hepatitis E patients’ jaundice was highest at 19(61.3%) followed by vomiting at 17(54.8%), and fever at 6(19.4%) respectively.Conclusions:The incidence of HEV is found as the most predominant among all the acute viral hepatitis patients and vomiting and jaundice were the most common presenting complaints.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite manifold benefits of nanoparticles (NPs), less information on the risks of NPs to human health and environment has been studied. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) have been reported to cause toxicity in several organisms. In this study, we have investigated the role of Co3O4-NPs in inducing phytotoxicity, cellular DNA damage and apoptosis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Violetta lunga 2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on Co3O4-NPs showing phytotoxicity in eggplant. RESULTS: The data revealed that eggplant seeds treated with Co3O4-NPs for 2 h at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml retarded root length by 81.5 % upon 7 days incubation in a moist chamber. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the uptake and translocation of Co3O4-NPs into the cytoplasm. Intracellular presence of Co3O4-NPs triggered subcellular changes such as degeneration of mitochondrial cristae, abundance of peroxisomes and excessive vacuolization. Flow cytometric analysis of Co3O4-NPs (1.0 mg/ml) treated root protoplasts revealed 157, 282 and 178 % increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane potential (APm) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Besides, the esterase activity in treated protoplasts was also found compromised. About 2.4-fold greater level of DNA damage, as compared to untreated control was observed in Comet assay, and 73.2 % of Co3O4-NPs treated cells appeared apoptotic in flow cytometry based cell cycle analysis. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate the phytotoxic potential of Co3O4-NPs in terms of reduction in seed germination, root growth, greater level of DNA and mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and cell death in eggplant. The data generated from this study will provide a strong background to draw attention on Co3O4-NPs environmental hazards to vegetable crops.
Subject(s)
Oxides/toxicity , DNA Damage/drug effects , Cell Death/drug effects , Cobalt/toxicity , Solanum melongena/drug effects , Nanoparticles/toxicity , Mitochondrial Swelling/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Oxides/metabolism , Analysis of Variance , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Cobalt/metabolism , Comet Assay , Solanum melongena/metabolism , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Nanoparticles/metabolism , Flow Cytometry , Mitochondrial Swelling/physiologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir el nivel de predicción de las complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales mediante la evaluación periódica del riesgo biopsicosocial prenatal (RBP) durante el control prenatal en mujeres asiáticas. Materiales y métodos: Durante el 2002 se evaluaron en Shanghai, China y Dhaka, Bangalesh 565 primigrávidas sanas con evaluaciones periódicas del RBP (primera: semana 14-27, segunda: semana 28-32, tercera: semana 33-42) con evaluación prospectiva del resultado materno y perinatal. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 25.1±6.4 años en su mayoría de nivel socioeconómico medio, con formación universitaria y residencia urbana. Se observaron 135 (23.9%) complicaciones obstétricas, 57 (10.1%) recién nacidos con bajo peso y 41 (7.3%) muertes perinatales. El alto riesgo biopsicosocial prenatal se asoció con las complicaciones obstétricas (área bajo la curva ROC) 0.80 IC 95% 0.71-0.89 con el parto prematuro (área bajo la curva ROC) 0.79, IC 95% 0.68-0.90) y con el bajo peso al nacer (área bajo la curva ROC) 0.85, IC 95% 0.77-0.93. El período con mayor efectividad predictiva fue el último (33-42 semanas) tanto para las complicaciones obstétricas (sensibilidad: 84.4%, especificidad: 69.3%), como para el parto prematuro (sensibilidad: 79.2%, especificidad: 67.1%) como para el bajo peso al nacer (sensibilidad: 88% especificidad: 77.3%). A pesar de las diferencias basales sociodemográficas, nutricionales, étnicas, culturales y religiosas de los dos países el efecto predictivo del instrumento fue similar. Conclusión: La evaluación del riesgo biopsicosocial prenatal fue clínicamente válida para predecir complicaciones obstétricas, parto prematuro y bajo peso al nacer en los países asiáticos comparable a los resultados en Latino-América.
Objective: To determine the effect of the periodical use of the prenatal biopsychosocial risk assessment (PBR) to predict obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women in Asian countries. Materials and methods: In Shanghai, China, and Dhaka, Bangladesh, 565 healthy primigravids were evaluated with PBR at inclusion (14-27 weeks), in a second time (28-32 weeks) and in a third time (33-42 weeks) with assessment of the perinatal outcome. Results: The average age was 25.1±6.4 years old. Most of the women were from middle socioeconomic level, with university academic degree and urban residence. There were 129 (25.6%) obstetric complications, 54 (10.1%) low birth weight babies and 41 (7.3%) perinatal deaths. The ROC analysis showed that the high PBR score was associated with obstetric complications (area under ROC Curves) 0.80 CI 95% 0.71-0.89, preterm birth (area under ROC curves) 0.79, CI 95% 0.68-0.90, low birth weight (area under ROC curves) 0.85, CI 95% 0.77-0.93. The best predictive period was the last (33-42 weeks) to obstetric complications (sensibility: 84.4%, specificity: 69.3%), preterm delivery (sensibility 79.2%, specificity 67.1%) and to low birth weight (sensibility 88%, specificity 77.3%). The baseline sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics and the perinatal outcome were different between the countries, however, the predictive effect of the instrument was similar. Conclusion: The prenatal biopsychosocial risk assessment was clinically valid to predict obstetric complications, preterm birth and low birth weight in two Asian countries when compared to results in Latin-American countries.